How to bleed power steering on a Chevrolet Niva

Operating principle of power steering

The operation of the hydraulic booster is based on the transmission of pressure by liquid. This pressure can exert forces on parts of the steering mechanism, thereby reducing steering effort. The entire design of the power steering is aimed at creating high pressure in the fluid. This pressure is created in the working line, which opens when the steering wheel is turned. The force is transmitted to the hydraulic cylinder of the steering rack or steering mechanism, and then to the steering rods. As a result of the power steering, the driver feels barely noticeable resistance on the steering wheel, which allows you to control the car in difficult road conditions.

Diagram and description of the design

The steering gearbox is a separate unit in the steering gear system, the main element of which is the worm shaft. It increases the force applied by the driver to the steered wheels when the steering wheel is rotated.

Typical diagram of a Niva Chevrolet steering gear:

This part has the original serial number: 2123-3400010-20.

The mechanism is put on the market assembled with a bipod in a branded white and blue cardboard package with a quality certificate and an annual guarantee.

The Chevrolet Niva uses a mechanism in which a globoid-type worm (variable shaft diameter) is installed. This design ensures reliable vehicle control at any speed and on different road surfaces.

In the steering system gearbox, the worm shaft rests on 2 rolling bearings, the same number of bearings support the rotation of the bipod shaft. Ball bearings serve to reduce friction of the main parts, also making it easier to turn the steering wheel in different directions.

When the steering wheel rotates, torque is transmitted from the steering column shafts to a worm unit, which is engaged with a roller located on the bipod shaft.

Reference! The gear ratio is 16.4.

The bipod connects the steering linkage system through articulated pins. The transmission of movement from the middle rod to the right side rod occurs through a pendulum lever.

The worm steering mechanism used on off-road vehicles is quite shock-resistant. It easily absorbs all vibrations and irregularities from the road surface

Due to the simplicity of its design, it has a high degree of wear resistance, providing the VAZ 2123 with good maneuverability under different road conditions and at any speed.

The minor disadvantages of this mechanism include the complexity of manufacturing. Also, due to the large number of moving and rubbing elements, the worm gear must be tightened at certain intervals.

During vehicle operation, moving elements wear out in the worm gear over time and the technological gap increases. As a result, extraneous sounds appear. The first signs of an adjustment violation are a beating and a significant increase in the free play of the steering wheel, and the clarity of vehicle control is lost.

All this directly proportionally affects the safety of driving this car. If you do not adjust and tighten this play of the main pair in time, then due to the resulting runout, scuffs begin to form on the metal of the worm and bipod and the drive completely fails.

Important! Steering is one of the main vehicle systems responsible for safety. Therefore, operating a car with a faulty steering system is prohibited by the Road Traffic Regulations.

Power steering pump

The power steering pump can be called the main unit, since it is it that pumps fluid, creating increased pressure in the line. The main element of the pump is the impeller, which is driven into rotation by a belt drive. Unfortunately, many power steering malfunctions are associated precisely with pump failure. Liquid starvation is unacceptable.

The driver must carefully monitor the fluid level, since air entering the pump leads to accelerated wear.

The presence of air can be recognized by a sudden increase in the force on the steering wheel, as well as a characteristic buzzing sound when turning the steering wheel. Bleeding the line is a standard procedure and is carried out by turning the steering wheel in one direction or the other.

The next problem is wear of the shaft bearing. The fact that the bearing has become unusable is indicated by extraneous sounds emitted from the pump when the engine is running. To verify this, just remove the drive belt and start the car. If the sounds disappeared, then the reason was in the pump. The situation can be corrected by replacing the shaft bearing.

Operating principle of the hydraulic control system

In the video below you can watch how a self-installed power steering works (the author of the video is Vladislav Mantula).

Reg.: 04/07/2005 Topics / Messages: 8 / 439 From: Moscow Age: 20 Car: 21213 2000

What is preferable and why, if you do not pay attention to the difference in price?

Reg.: 02.02.2005 Topics / Messages: 16 / 769 From: Moscow, Chertanovo. Age: 57 Car: 2121395

If I didn’t feel sorry for the money on my old lady, I would definitely install an EUR, as it seems to me more reliable and much easier to install.

Reg.: 07.28.2005 Topics / Messages: 1 / 2646 From: Ivanovo Age: 43 Car: Nivka2121. g.v. worn-out 1.9i and other minor tuning Murzik MV 300TD 1993

Reg.: 12/06/2004 Topics / Messages: 628 / 51730

rdoctor: Power steering, unlike electric power steering, dampens the transmission of impacts from the wheels to the steering wheel - when hitting a pothole at speed, the steering wheel will not be torn out of your hands. Actually, this is the main (and perhaps the only) plus of the power steering. The power steering uses a standard steering gearbox. With a booster, you will be spinning the wheels more often on a stationary car, which will shorten the life of the standard RR. The power steering comes with its own gearbox.

As for the rest, the EUR has only advantages. Price, ease of installation. And the fact that if the power steering malfunctions, you will simply get a standard steering wheel, and not a steering wheel that can barely be turned (although we have never heard of malfunctions in our power steering).

But the question is... Does our Nivsky power steering change the force on the steering wheel depending on the speed, or not? I want the steering wheel to stiffen as the speed increases, and not remain weak. As far as I understand, the power steering monitors the speed (does it really load the steering wheel as it increases?) And the power steering? Is he just unloading? Or does it still track? (how does it track, by the way, if it does track?)

People, let me know who installed the Nivo EUR, how is it in terms of quality? I want to buy it, it’s cheaper than the Priorovsky one and the lock, the steering wheel and steering columns don’t need to be changed, everything is original. The only difference is that the Priorovsky one has height adjustment.

How does power steering work? Its main element is a pump, which, using a belt from the crankshaft, sucks in oil and pumps it into the distributor. The latter, in turn, monitors the force applied to the steering wheel and, using a torsion bar (follower device), helps turn the drive wheels. When moving in a straight line, the torsion bar does not twist, so the distributor channels are blocked and the oil drains back into the reservoir.

Power steering is most often useful when parking and turning, making the work of your hands three times easier. We can also say that the mechanism weakens the transmission of microshocks from the road surface to the steering. The mechanism is also useful in case of a sharp drop in tire pressure. The disadvantages of power steering include the fact that it interferes with “feeling the car”, so designers need to achieve a compromise between informativeness and tightness of the steering wheel.

Foreign manufacturers conduct a lot of research in order to make the hydraulic booster light at low speeds and elastic at high speeds. To do this, German hydraulic boosters from ZF are equipped with pressure modulators, which limit the oil pressure in the operating circuit as speed increases. In addition, circuits with power steering driven by an electric motor are acceptable, which makes it possible to change the pump performance in accordance with the rotation of the electric drive. Sometimes the gear ratio is also changed.

Rotary valve

High pressure in the line must be controlled, otherwise the fluid will exert force in only one direction. A rotary valve is used to distribute the liquid along the line. To be more precise, there are several of them. When the steering wheel is turned, the valve opens that part of the line that corresponds to the given direction of movement of the rack rod. Usually, throughout the entire period of operation, the valve does not cause any problems, but for this it is necessary to periodically change the power steering fluid according to the established regulations, otherwise the valve may become clogged.

19.9. Removing the steering column

Remove the steering wheel (see Removing the steering wheel). Remove the steering column facing covers (see Removing the steering column three-lever switch). Remove the ignition switch (see Removing the ignition switch).

Using a “13” wrench, unscrew the nut of the bolt securing the lower universal joint fork of the intermediate shaft to the steering gear worm shaft, holding the bolt from turning with a wrench of the same size.

The two bolts for the front mounting of the steering shaft bracket to the body have shear heads.

By striking the heads of the bolts with a chisel, we loosen their tightening...

... and use pliers to unscrew the bolts.

Remove the fixing plates of the bolts.

Steering gear

The steering mechanism performs two functions simultaneously. First, it converts steering wheel rotation force into bipod rotation force. In essence, the rotation axes rotate. Hydraulic fluid transmits force to a power cylinder connected to the bipod sector. The most common malfunction of the mechanism is associated with a leak in the high pressure line connection fitting. Typically, repairs come down to replacing the fitting along with the main hose.

The power steering can serve properly for a long time.

The main requirement is to change the fluid in a timely manner and monitor the tightness of the system.

Bleeding the power steering system of Niva Chevrolet (VAZ 2123)

Bleeding the power steering system is necessary when replacing fluid, as well as to remove air that has entered the hydraulic drive when repairing or replacing individual components of the system. To bleed the hydraulic system, open the power steering reservoir cap and add fluid to the lower mark on the reservoir cap indicator. We start the engine and at idle speed check the fluid level in the tank. If the liquid level drops, add it to the lower mark. We turn the steering wheel left and right several times until it stops, making sure that the fluid level in the tank is at the lower mark. Remove the protective rubber cap from the bleeder fitting.

The bleeder fitting is located on the steering gear cover.

We put a transparent hose on the head of the fitting, lowering its free end into the vessel. Using the “8” wrench, unscrew the fitting 1/2 turn. When a continuous stream of liquid appears in the hose, tighten the fitting. We return the steered wheels to the straight-line position of the car and let the engine run for another two to three minutes. Normal operation of the hydraulic booster should not be accompanied by noise. Turn the steering wheel all the way left and right again and, if necessary, add fluid to the tank to the bottom mark. After warming up and stabilizing the temperature of the working fluid, its level should be at the upper level, and in a cold state not fall below the minimum level.

Fluid replacement

If you need to change the power steering fluid for a Niva Chevrolet, you can do it as follows:

Unscrew the coupling bolt and unscrew the cover
The reservoir is removed from the bracket and the clamp that secures the power steering outlet hose is loosened.

To prevent liquid from flowing out during filling, you need to plug the hole in the barrel fitting, lower the outlet hose end into a container where the waste will be drained. We start the engine and begin to rotate the steering wheel, while adding new fluid and draining the old one, the steering wheel must be turned in different directions four times. After this, we install the tank in its place, reconnect all the hoses and add new fluid to the required level.

Leveling up

After replacement, bleed the system as follows:

Set the steering wheel to the middle position
Start the engine for 30 seconds and turn it off, without turning the steering wheel.
When the engine is turned off, the steering wheel must be turned all the way in any direction.
The exhaust valve has a protective cap that needs to be removed
Turn the steering wheel all the way in the other direction, at this time air should come out through the valve, after which liquid will flow
Close the cap back.
Add oil, start the engine, turn the steering wheel back all the way, turn off the engine.
Add oil to the top mark

At this point, the pumping work can be considered completed.

Steering gear design on Niva

But before we start shamanism with a tambourine, a few words about the design of that very steering gearbox. The Shaitan machine, although not cunning in its design delights, still requires ingenuity and understanding from anyone who decides to repair it.

A few dry terms:

The picture was stolen from the Internet (c) who knows?

During the operation of the columns, worm and roller, namely during their combined operation (friction or rolling as is correct), the operating gap in this pair increases, play appears trivially and some strange knocks and sounds appear.

The appearance of play leads to an increase in the free play of the steering wheel and wobble. And this, in turn, is not normal. Is the steering wheel moving? Poor handling, sensitivity and speed of response are lost, which means safe driving can be kept silent.

I didn’t open America to you here.

This play, if not eliminated in time, namely by not adjusting the steering gear, leads to the appearance of chips, microcracks and subsequent mechanical damage to the main pair - the worm and the bipod.

Well, in the end there comes a complete paragraph and failure. And you, yes, exactly you, end up with your hard-earned tugriks, because a new steering gearbox is less than five, and for Chevrolets with and without power steering, up to a whole ten rubles, in local Chinese spare parts stores, will not cost... checked...

No, of course, not everything is so scary because the gearbox can be removed and disassembled. How to do this will be discussed below.

How to pump power steering

How to fill oil and bleed power steering

The procedure for replacing fluid and pumping power steering is carried out in strict accordance with the existing algorithm. Some automakers may add their own features to it. If you have a manual for your car, we recommend that you read the relevant section. In general terms, the steps must be performed in the following sequence:

Raise the vehicle completely on a lift or with the front wheels off the ground.
If necessary, drain the old fluid from the expansion tank. To do this, remove the return hose (going to the power steering system) from the expansion tank and put a plug on it so that liquid does not spill out of the hose. A hose leading to an empty bottle is connected to the released tap on the tank, where the old hydraulic fluid is supposed to be drained.
It is most convenient to pump out the main volume of liquid with a syringe and pour it into a separate bottle. When there is very little liquid left, move on to the next point.
Fill the expansion tank with working fluid to the top.
Next, you should turn the steering wheel from side to side (from lock to lock) several times so that the old fluid remaining in the system flows out through the hose. Since the new fluid displaces the old, do not forget to monitor the oil level in the tank so that air does not get into the hose.
If the fluid level drops, add it again.
Start the engine for 2-3 seconds and turn it off. This is done so that the liquid begins to spread throughout the system.

Pumping out oil with a syringe

Next, add working fluid to the tank to the MAX level and repeat the procedure by starting the engine. Repeat this cycle 3-5 times.
The signal to stop pumping is the fact that air from the return hose stops entering the drain bottle. This means that there is no more air left in the hydraulic system and fresh, clean fluid enters the reservoir.
After this, you need to reinstall the return hose (connect it to the expansion tank where it was originally installed).
Refill the reservoir to the MAX level, then start the engine.
To pump the hydraulic booster, you need to slowly turn the steering wheel 4-5 times from the left to the right stop. At the stop points, pause for 2-3 seconds. If there is any air left, it should escape into the expansion tank. During the inspection process, we make sure that the pump does not make any extraneous noise.
An indicator that pumping has ended will be the absence of air bubbles on the surface of the liquid in the tank.
After this, close the expansion tank tightly.

Bleeding the power steering system

can also be pumped without starting the engine , “cold”. To do this, just rotate the steering wheel from the left to the right stop . At the same time, old fluid and air leave the system. However, most automakers still recommend bleeding the system with the engine running.

Hoses for power steering Niva Chevrolet, life

Niva 4x4 or Chevrolet Niva: which is better, comparison, how it differs from a simple Lada, which one to choose 2121 or 2231, reviews from car owners "

set of 3 hoses The power steering system consists of 4 hoses. One high pressure with a valve in the middle (pump-steering machine) and 3 low pressure hoses. In the designer's fields, the radiator was completely excluded from the system, so there are only two low-pressure hoses. The pressure in the “main” hose reaches several tens of kg, but there is almost no pressure in the “secondary” hoses. The plant, with the tenacity of maniacs, installs rough, thick-walled high-pressure hoses. Their disadvantage is that they cannot normally be compressed even with threaded clamps, especially in cold conditions. So their wet appearance is normal. The recommendation is simple, along with replacing the fluid and flushing the system - replace the Chevrolet Niva power steering hoses with modern and high-quality ones. Since I don’t really like stepping on rakes, I consulted with a hydraulic engineer on this topic. He “gave me” a Taiwanese hose manufacturer. The working pressure of the hoses is 250PSI (approximately 17 atmospheres). For general technical development, let me remind you that PSI is pounds per square inch. The hoses are two-layer. The internal part is MBS (oil and petrol resistant), the external part maintains external temperatures. Based on many years of installation experience on different machines, I can say the following. No cracks have ever been noticed in any climate. The most I have noticed is fading after a couple of years of use in hot climates, but as you know, this does not affect the speed. I added a couple of centimeters to the length of the hoses so that they would not rub against the air filter housing, as often happens in the factory version. For the Niva, the price list will include an option of two hoses.

Typical power steering malfunctions

Malfunctions in the operation of the hydraulic booster can be easily identified by characteristic signs. Among them:

The steering wheel turns hard . Probable causes are failure of the power steering pump, use of unsuitable working fluid, sticking of the spool mechanism channels.
, a high-frequency sound (similar to a whistle) is heard while driving The probable cause is a loose drive belt.
The steering wheel turns jerkily . Probable causes of the malfunction are the working fluid not meeting the specifications declared by the manufacturer, a malfunction of the fluid distributing mechanism, or a pump malfunction.
The presence of intense foaming in the expansion tank. Probable causes are mixing of different types of fluids, failure of the power steering pump.
When the engine is running, the steering wheel spontaneously turns in any direction . The probable cause is malfunction of the spool mechanism, most often, clogging of its working channels, incorrect assembly (for example, after installing a repair kit).

Recommendations for operation and maintenance of power steering

In order for the power steering and its system to operate normally, as well as to extend their service life, you must adhere to several simple rules:

use working fluids recommended by the automaker , and also replace them in a timely manner (most automakers recommend replacing power steering fluid every 60.120 thousand kilometers, or once every 2 years, it depends on the driving style and intensity of use of the car);
carry out bleeding of the power steering system in strict accordance with the algorithm described above (or observing individual requirements, if any are set by the car manufacturer);
monitor the condition of the steering rack boot , because if it is torn, dust and dirt will enter the system, which leads to the power steering pump exiting. A sign of a problem that has already occurred is the hum of the power steering, which is not eliminated even by replacing the fluid.

Cost of replacing fluid and pumping power steering

If you plan to carry out work on replacing the fluid and pumping the power steering yourself, then you will only need to buy oil in a volume of 1 to 3 liters (including flushing, while the volume of the power steering system of a passenger car is up to 1 liter). The price of the liquid depends on the brand and store. It is within $4.15 per liter. If you do not want or cannot carry out such work yourself, contact a service station for help. Approximate prices for January 2021 are:

fluid replacement work - 1200 rubles;
power steering pumping - 600 rubles.

Changing the power steering fluid in a Niva Chevrolet

At the moment, almost all modern car models are equipped with power steering. It allows you to simplify wheelbase control and make it easier. This is especially true for a car like the Chevrolet Niva, which belongs to the SUV class. The Niva's mass is one and a half tons, and in off-road conditions it is required that the wheels react sharply to turning the steering wheel. In such conditions, there is an increased load on the steering, which is fraught with breakdowns, which may result in a leak. If the level in the expansion tank drops at the slightest level, you must immediately add fluid to the Niva Chevrolet. You can do this yourself, without visiting a service station.

Also, the need to add fluid to the steering wheel on a Chevrolet Niva can be determined by its external condition. It is believed that the power steering is refilled once by the manufacturer and does not require replacement during further operation. But if there is damage to the steering rack, oil and dirt may enter the system. As a result, traces of contamination can be seen in the expansion tank. Also, power steering fluid, like all fractional mixtures, can form a sediment of components over time, which affects its quality and requires replacement. In practice, it is necessary to change it every six years, regardless of its condition, since the temperature difference between winter and summer negatively affects its condition.

Main elements of the system

The design of the VAZ-2123 provides refueling tanks that ensure smooth functioning of the mechanisms.

The main elements of the system include the following filling containers:

The following is a table of fuel volumes for the Chevrolet Niva:

To improve the performance characteristics of an SUV, working fluids must be poured in quantities recommended by the developers of the Chevrolet Niva.

Fuel tank

All-wheel drive and increased cross-country ability of the Chevrolet Niva increase fuel consumption. Therefore, this AvtoVAZ model has a 58-liter fuel tank. It is located in the rear of the car. The fuel tank is made of high-strength steel and has a complex design.

Because gasoline tends to evaporate, excess pressure can build up inside the gas tank, increasing the risk of explosion. To reduce pressure, the designers of the VAZ-2123 provided an adsorber valve, with the help of which excess gasoline vapors are released.

The fuel tank housing has a stamping for the driveshaft channel, which divides the gas tank into two communicating reservoirs. Therefore, about 7 liters of fuel remains in the tank, which does not enter the fuel line. However, the design of the gas tank allows fuel to be filled under the neck, which allows you to fill up to 64 liters of fuel. This feature compensates for the unconsumable remaining gasoline.

Cooling system

When the car engine is running, the temperature of the exhaust gases reaches 2000 degrees. Due to the elevated temperature, the lubricant burns out. This leads to engine malfunctions and wear of parts. To avoid engine overheating, VAZ-2123 vehicles are equipped with a closed-type liquid cooling system, which consists of the following components:

For cooling, antifreeze is used with the addition of additives that have anti-corrosion properties. The operating principle of the cooling system is based on the forced circulation of antifreeze through the cooling jacket around the engine cylinders.

The pump ensures uniform circulation of the coolant. After starting the engine, the pump begins to pump antifreeze through the small circuit of the cooling system. When the engine heats up, the thermostat activates, after which a large circuit opens. The expansion tank is needed to relieve excess pressure that occurs when the antifreeze heats up. Passing through the radiator, the liquid is cooled by a fan.

Engine lubrication system

Friction and high temperatures reduce the service life of the engine and the service life of the vehicle. To avoid premature wear of engine parts, it is necessary to monitor the oil level. In the Chevrolet Niva, the designers have developed a combined engine lubrication system. The crankshaft and camshaft bearings, pushrod tips and rocker arm bushings are pressure lubricated. The remaining parts are lubricated using the spray method.

Using an oil pump, oil from the crankcase through the oil receiver enters the filter housing. After cleaning, the lubricant is supplied to the oil line, from where it is supplied to the parts under pressure through inclined channels. The pressure at medium speeds in a working VAZ-2123 lubrication system is from 200 to 400 kPa. A decrease or increase in pressure indicates a system malfunction.

Signs of trouble

On the Internet you can find many different videos and materials that discuss the issue of airing and problems in the power steering on cars of different types, classes and sizes.

Therefore, do not be surprised if you come across questions regarding power steering pumping:

on KAMAZ;
on Shakman;
ZIL 130;
on the Volga (GAZ 31105);
in Scania;
Toyota Corolla;
Nissan Qashqai;
Lada Priora;
Renault Symbol;
Ford Focus;
Niva Chevrolet;
Volkswagen Passat B3;
Toyota Avensis;
Skoda Octavia;
Renault Logan, etc.

The automotive power steering system can become airy for reasons already stated, related to breakdowns, or structural interference in the power steering.

At the same time, every driver is recommended to be aware of the characteristic signs indicating the fact that the system is air-filled. It is when they appear that mandatory pumping is required.

There is nothing difficult in diagnosing and detecting the problem. Look for the appearance of one or several signs indicated in the list:

there is a strong noise near the power steering itself;
strong extraneous noise may come from the power steering pump;
there is a clear increase in pressure on the steering wheel;
the steering wheel becomes harder to turn during maneuvers;
leakage of working fluid is observed from the system;
foam appears on the surface in the expansion tank with hydraulic fluid;
The steering wheel rotates spontaneously in different directions.

Even one of the signs indicates that the unit needs to be pumped. If there is air in the power steering system, you will already know the signs. All that remains is to deal with the issue of self-pumping.

Steering gear design on Niva

The picture was stolen from the Internet (c) who knows?

I didn’t open America to you here.

No, of course, not everything is so scary because the gearbox can be removed and disassembled. How to do this will be discussed below.

Is it worth pumping yourself?

The question is purely individual. It depends on your skills, capabilities and desire to save. The cost of the working fluid itself for power steering depends on many parameters, and therefore prices vary from 4 to 15 dollars per 1 liter. In total, pumping and replacement will require from 1 to 3 liters.

When you contact a car service center, they will charge you at least 1,000 rubles for pumping work. The replacement procedure costs about 2000 rubles. Now decide for yourself whether it’s worth spending money on this, or take everything into your own hands and solve the issue yourself.

Bleeding the power steering cannot be called difficult. Many inexperienced car owners easily perform this work. It is only important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations and use high-quality fluid suitable for your specific power steering.

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Maintenance and adjustment of the worm unit

Like any other component, the steering gear requires regular maintenance. Our recommendations will help you avoid large costs for repair work and premature replacement of the unit:

The basic steering gearbox is equipped with a worm pair, in which mechanical friction between the worm and the worm gear occurs during operation.

To extend the trouble-free operation life of the unit, it is necessary to use only high-quality lubricant in the gearbox and monitor the condition of the working surfaces.

Adjustment

After the procedure of repairing or replacing the steering worm drive, it is necessary to make adjustment settings.

Checking the steering wheel play must be done on a flat horizontal platform with the required pressure in the car tires.
The play, measured by the free play of the steering rim, should be within 5°.
How to set up optimal performance:

If the screw is no longer long enough for adjustment, the unit must be replaced.

Correct and timely maintenance of the steering gear is the key to long-term trouble-free operation in any conditions.

How to bleed power steering on a Chevrolet Niva

Operating principle of power steering

Diagram and description of the design

Power steering pump

Operating principle of the hydraulic control system

Rotary valve

19.9. Removing the steering column

Steering gear

Fluid replacement

Leveling up

see also

Characteristics of Dextron 2 and 3 - what are the differences

Power steering malfunctions

What kind of oil to fill in power steering

Power steering buzzes

15 best power steering fluids

Steering gear design on Niva

How to pump power steering

Hoses for power steering Niva Chevrolet, life

Typical power steering malfunctions

Recommendations for operation and maintenance of power steering

Cost of replacing fluid and pumping power steering

Changing the power steering fluid in a Niva Chevrolet

Main elements of the system

Fuel tank

Cooling system

Engine lubrication system

Signs of trouble

Steering gear design on Niva

Is it worth pumping yourself?

Maintenance and adjustment of the worm unit

Adjustment